ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We determined the localization of leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase (L-12-LO) in murine nasal mucosa and to investigate the expression of L-12-LO according to the development of murine nasal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Immunohistochemical staining was done on the nasal mucosa of mice at gestational days 16, 17, 18, and mice at postnatal days 1, 3, 7, 14, and adult mice. Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff staining on murine nasal mucosa was performed. RESULTS: In murine nasal respiratory mucosa, the expression of L-12-LO was noted in ciliated epithelial cells, basal cells, serous acini, and secretory ducts, but it was not found in the mucous acini and goblet cells. In olfactory mucosa, the expression of L-12-LO was noted in the olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells. The expression in respiratory mucosa according to the development was strongly noticed from the gestational day 16 through postnatal day 7. The expression in postnatal day 14 and adult mice was weaker than in the previous time point. The expression in olfactory mucosa showed no difference throughout the developmental stage. CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, we found the exact localization of L-12-LO in murine nasal mucosa, and we also found the different expression of L-12-LO between the respiratory and olfactory mucosa. This fact suggests the possible involvement of L-12-LO in the development of murine respiratory mucosa.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Mice , Alcian Blue , Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase , Epithelial Cells , Goblet Cells , Immunohistochemistry , Nasal Mucosa , Olfactory Mucosa , Respiratory MucosaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vocal fold augmentation by injection under direct visual control is a quick, easy, and accurate operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, both showed considerable resorption over time and gave variable results. Autologous fascia is a newly introduced graft material and has a low metablolic requirements with also a relatively stable histological characteristics. The goal of this study was to confirm the autologous fascia as a new injection material of vocal fold augmentation and assess the impact of the fascia injection on voice acoustics. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Six subjects with vocal cord palalysis and three with sulcus vocalis were analyzed after injection. The temporalis muscle fascia and abdominal fat were harvested. The fascia was cut into small pieces and injected using the pressure syringe with a 18 G needle on the lateral aspect of the vocal fold under the direct visual control. The preoperative and postoperative parameters including jitter, shimmer, signal to noise ratio, and maximum phonation time were analyzed. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in all parameters measured in the group of vocal cord palsy. But there was no definite improvement in the sulcus vocalis group. There was only one laryngeal complication, the postoperative granuloma at leakage site of injection. CONCLUSION: According to these preliminary results, it is suggested that vocal fold augmentation by injection of autologous fascia can be a stable and effective surgical treatment for vocal cord palsy.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Fat , Acoustics , Collagen , Fascia , Granuloma , Needles , Phonation , Signal-To-Noise Ratio , Syringes , Transplants , Vocal Cord Paralysis , Vocal Cords , VoiceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The saccadic eye movement means rapid eye movement in order to fixate an intended target with fovea. Frontal lobe, brain stem and paramedian pontine reticular formation operate the saccade movement in the central nervous system. Although saccadic abnormalities were usually seen in the CNS lesion(most commonly in the cerebellar lesion) some normal individuals consistently undershoot or overshoot the target(corrective saccade). Because there are several possibilities for serious error when interpreting the saccade test, clinical usefulness of saccade test may be uncertain. We study the saccade movement in out dizzy patients to find out the definite usefulness of saccadic abnormality and cause of dizziness according to the saccadic abnormalities. MATERIAL AND METHOD: For 4 years, 1994.1.-1997.12, 53 patients showed saccade abnormalities and they were classified into 5 categories-undershoot, overshoot, slow velocity of saccade, impaired saccade and fail of saccade. Spontaneous nystagmus, gaze nystagmus, pursuit test and optokinetic test were also performed. We analyzed the cause of saccade abnormality and other associated eye movement disorders. RESULTS: Almost all saccade abnormalities were seen in central disease(71%), but some could be seen in specific cases of peripheral disease(11%) and in other conditions(18%). In peripheral lesion, only saccade undershoot was seen without other abnormal eye movement. In central lesion, all kinds of saccade movement were seen with or without other abnormal eye movement disorders, but there was no correlation between the sites of lesion and types of saccade. Spontaneous nystagmus was seen in 6 patients, but there was no correlation between the causes of vertigo and the types of saccade abnormality. CONCLUSION: Saccade test must be clinically useful for differentiating between the central and peripheral lesion using the types of saccade abnormality and other abnormal eye movement. But many factors that affect saccade movement should be considered when interpreting the test results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Stem , Central Nervous System , Dizziness , Eye Movements , Frontal Lobe , Ocular Motility Disorders , Reticular Formation , Saccades , Sleep, REM , VertigoABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Interleukin (IL)-lbeta is one of proinflammatory cytokines with an active role in acute nd chronic inflammation of airway mucosa. The present study was undertaken to find out the changes in the amount of released mucin and lysozyme by immunoblot assay which are the main constituents of airway secretion, to see if there were any changes in the mRNA expression of mucin and lysozyme genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and also to observe the morphologic changes of IL-1beta treated the normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NHNE cells were cultured using air-liquid interface technique and on the plating day 12, IL-lbeta 10 ng/ml was added and the cells were cultured for 24 hours. Afterwards the media and cells in the insert were harvested. RESULTS:The secretion of mucin and lysozyme didn't change significantly after the stimulation with IL-1beta and there was no significant difference between the control group and IL-1beta treated group in mRNA expression of MUC2, 5AC, 5B and lysozyme genes whereas MUC8 mRNA was significantly increased by IL-1beta stimulation. Electron microscopic findings revealed no significant differences between these two groups. CONCLUSION:The stimulation with IL-1beta alone in the differentiation stage couldn't induce changes in the secretory function and morphology of NHNE cells, but could enhance the expression of MUC8 mRNA. Therefore, the further study on the pathologic changes of NHNE cells by the combined actions of various inflammatory mediators should be followed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines , Epithelial Cells , Inflammation , Interleukin-1beta , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mucins , Mucous Membrane , Muramidase , RNA, MessengerABSTRACT
The aims of this study are to observe morphologic changes in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells caused by varying concentrations of histamine, to evaluate the changes in relation to the degree of epithelial differentiation, and to examine whether these changes are caused by the proper action of histamine or are general inflammatory processes represented by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured NHNE cells were treated with histamine diphosphate and LPS 0111 : B4 at different concentrations : 20 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml, 2 microgram/ml and 20 microgram/ml. The timing of the treatment was conducted in one of two ways : a duration of 48 hours on floating day 12 or a duration of seven days on floating day seven. On floating day 14, all specimens were collected, and hematoxylin & eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The areas of ciliated and secretory cell were calculated with the Optimas program. In SEM of specimens that were given 48-hour treatments of histamine and LPS at 20 microgram/ml dosages, coverage by secretory cells had increased and damaged cilia were noted. In SEM of specimens given the seven-day treatment, enlargement of the secretory cell area and damaged cilia were observed after a treatment of 20 microgram/ml LPS, but in specimens treated with histamine, findings were normal. Morphologic changes caused by histamine treatment may be a nonspecific finding observed in inflammation, and the changes can vary according to the differentiation of the epithelium.